Bluetooth technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bluetooth technology - Essay Example For example, through Bluetooth technology, one is able to talk on a mobile phone via a wireless headset, update an appointment on a friend’s PDA calendar from personal PDA or operate a computer via a wireless keyboard. Bluetooth enabled devices are equipped with their own complete software framework and protocol stack that enable them to disseminate data to other devices within a close range (Minoli 308). History of Bluetooth Technology The origin of Bluetooth can be traced to 1998 when the Bluetooth Interest Group (SIG) was created and Bluetooth adopted as the official name of the resulting technology. In 1999, Bluetooth Specification 1.0 was released leading to declaration of Bluetooth as the Best of Show Technology by COMDEX (Minoli 308). Shortly after in the year 2000, the first Bluetooth enabled mobile phone, PC card, headset, laptop, and mouse as well as USB dongle prototype were launched at COMDEX. The following year, the Bluetooth SIG Inc was established and followed i mmediately with the launch of the first hands-free Bluetooth enabled car kit. This was followed by the launch of the first Bluetooth enabled digital camera and the first GPS receiver in 2002. In the same year, the IEEE (Palanivelu and Nakkeeran 180) approved 802.15.1 specification for Bluetooth. The first Bluetooth based MP3 was unveiled in 2003, the same year when the FDA gave the green light for Bluetooth controlled medical system. The Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) was adopted in by the SIG Inc, in 2004 alongside 250 million Bluetooth embedded devices and stereo headphones. The greatest breakthrough came in 2006 when Bluetooth was installed in over one billion devices. Contemporary research focuses on employing the advantages of the Bluetooth technology in the healthcare domain, whereby individuals will be able to rely on Bluetooth enabled wireless devices to keep track of their body temperature, metabolism rate and pressure count (Palanivelu and Nakkeeran 180). These devices will thro ugh Bluetooth transmission collect important health information from patients then share them with a doctor through a PC or a cellular phone. Goals of the Bluetooth Technology Bluetooth technology was intended to provide solution to the problems inherent in infrared systems that was already in use in most television remote sensing control systems. While infrared is reliable and fairly less costly, the devices rely on line of sight technology requiring the receiver device to be within a pointing range (Palanivelu and Nakkeeran 181). This means that infrared cannot be used across walls or to control devices in different rooms even if they are all within a sensing range. There was therefore need for a wireless technology that could be relied on to operate several devices simultaneously in the absence of line of sight, which made Bluetooth more appropriate. Additionally, the Bluetooth technology was the most ideal technology that would provide wireless interactivity/connectivity between two paired devices at low frequency and with minimum interference (Palanivelu and Nakkeeran 181). Other significant goals for devising the technology included managing cross device communication at low power, low cost and dynamic networking for mobile devices How Bluetooth Works Bluetooth networking system transmits data through low power radio waves, enabling communication at a remote frequency of about 2.45gigahert. The low frequency

Changing Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid

Changing Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid How will changing the concentration of hydrochloric (HCl) acid affect the rate of hydrogen gas (H2) production during the reaction with magnesium (Mg), using the pressure buildup by hydrogen gas? Introduction Factors that influence rates of reactions include change in concentration, temperature, surface area, or the addition of a catalyst. This experiment will specifically investigate the effect of concentration change of the reactants upon the rate of reaction, using hydrochloric acid and magnesium strip. The concentration of HCl acid solution is controlled through serial dilution. 2HCl(aq) + Mg(s) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) This experiment in particular will explore how the pressure changes as the above reaction proceeds. Because the reaction produces hydrogen gas as a product, building up more pressure within the confined space of a test tube, a pressure sensor will measure the rate of reaction. After the reaction begins, approximately 20 seconds of data will be collected with each trial, in order to formulate a common trend (a graph of pressure over time). With average slopes of different amount of concentrations, a linear regression line will then be created to sketch the trend, regarding the effect of concentration upon pressure-the rate of reaction. Hypothesis According to Collision Theory, the reactant particles must collide together, and thus creating a reaction. Because increasing the concentration of HCl acid solution also means an increase in the number of hydrogen and chloride ions, collision between the reactant particles increases as well, resulting in more products-hydrogen gas. With more production of hydrogen gas in the confined test tube, pressure will build up. Therefore, if-at a given period of time-the concentration of HCl acid solution increases, then the rate of reaction will increase accordingly, because more collisions will occur, producing hydrogen gas at a higher rate. Variables Variable description Method of measuring variable Dependent variable Pressure buildup due to the reaction between hydrochloric acid solution and magnesium During the reaction, H2gas is produced, thus increasing the volume within the confined space of a test tube and increasing the pressure. This change will be recorded by a pressure sensor. Collecting data for about 10 seconds before the injection of the magnesium strip, the measurement of pressure will continue for about 20 seconds after the reaction begins. Three trials are required for each concentration of HCl solution to minimize random error. Rate of reaction Using the more accurate initial rate of the reaction, about 10 seconds of the graph after the reaction begins will be used to create a slope of change in pressure over time. Independent variable Concentration of HCl solution Using serial dilution along with apparatus such as micropipette and flask, the 1M hydrochloric acid solution will be diluted into 0.5M, 0.25M, 0.125M, and 0.0625M. Controlled variables Mg strip (length) Using a ruler and scissor, the Mg strip will be cut into 15 pieces, each being 1cm. Volume of hydrochloric acid solution For each concentration, 3cm3of hydrochloric acid solution is used, accurately measured by a pipette. Temperature of reactants The temperature remains constant at room temperature (approx. 25 degrees Celsius) throughout the entire experiment. Shaking of the test tube To create the most accurate results possible, physical motion when slightly shaking the test tubes must be repetitive in the same way for each trial. Size of the test tube Because different sizes of test tubes would mean different volumes as well, constant size (volume) is essential, preferably small so that the reaction will be more conspicuous. To do this, 15 identical test tubes are used. Table 1: List of Variables Apparatus and Materials 1M hydrochloric acid solution Distilled water Magnesium strip Flask (50cm3) Pressure sensor Logger Pro Micropipette 15 identical test tubes Sandpaper Scissor Procedure Put 20cm3 of 1M HCL solution in the flask and dilute it to 0.5M with 20cm3 of distilled water. Using the serial dilution as in step 1, prepare 10cm3 solutions with concentrations of 1M, 0.5M, 0.25M, 0.125M, and 0.0625M. Add 3 cm3 of each solution into labeled test tubes using the micropipette. Repeat step 3 to prepare three test tubes of each solution (15 in total) Cut out the magnesium strip into 15 pieces of 1cm and sand them with sandpaper. Put the cut out magnesium strip into the test tube with 1M HCl solution. Then quickly cover the test tube with the pressure sensor. Start collecting data while shaking the test tube in a consistent manner for about 25 seconds after the reaction begins. Repeat steps 6 to 8 for all other test tubes. Data Collection and Processing Qualitative Data After the injection of the magnesium strip into the HCl solution, it effervesces and pressure inside the test tube begins to build up. With test tubes of higher concentration, the pressure seems to be higher within the time limit and more bubbles form. At the end of the reaction, the solutions color changed to transparent yellow. The reacted solution (product) gives off a foul smell. Processed Data Data Presentation 1 0.5 0.25 0.125 0.0625 Uncertainties Standard Deviation Standard deviation was calculated and represented in the rate of reaction vs. concentration graph as error bars. Standard deviation for different concentration of HCl solution Standard deviation was calculated by a graphing calculator. Uncertainty due to the serial dilution of HCl solution Uncertainty due to 1cm3 Uncertainty during dilution measuring pressure (?) Conclusion In Figure 1, the trend of different concentrations of reactants influencing the rate of reaction is illustrated. The linear regression line demonstrates the clear change in rate of reaction, according to the change in concentration-the lower the concentration, the slower the rate of reaction. Hence, the initial hypothesis, stating the direct relationship between concentration and rate of reaction, is justified and validated. Evaluation Shown by Table 4, in which the standard deviations for each concentration of HCl solution are calculated, the results of this experiment are fairly precise, but not to a great extent. Moreover, uncertainties created during the preparation of the experiment, as with the management of apparatus and materials such as the gas pressure sensor, flask, and micropipette decreases the accuracy. Although Figure 1, the graph containing the general trend of concentrations effect upon the rate of reaction seems to validate the hypothesis, the rate of reaction of 0.25M HCl solution stands out of the trend, decreasing the validity of this experiments results. More factors that may have hindered obtaining accurate results of this experiment include: Error Impact Improvements Using hand to shake the test tubes for faster reaction rate Any non-perceptible (by humans) changes influenced each reaction to proceed differently, ultimately creating different circumstances for each trial. This change in circumstances is crucial since it greatly hinders accurate results. The use of a vibration plate instead may reduce error as it is more consistent. Reproducible circumstances can be better achieved.

Differential Literature :: Reading Literature Writing Authors Essays

Differential Literature The health and well-being of literature in America is something that many Americans spend a lot of time thinking, worrying, and theorizing about, a fact that can be told by the new reading promotional campaigns that roll out at seemingly regular intervals (Read!, Reading is Fundamental, Read and Rise, etc.) It is (at least partially) because of the passions aroused by this topic that when the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) released a report entitled Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America (RAR), many people voiced their opinions on the quality of the research methods used to gather the data, the accuracy of the data, and the soundness of the conclusions which were drawn from them. From nearly the day of its release up to today, people are speaking (and writing) their mind about the report’s worth. The report, which used the data from the literature portion of the census beaureau’s 2002, Survey of Public Participation in the Arts, came to many conclusions, all of which revolved around one of their determinations: Americans are reading what it calls literature less than they used to. The data that they used also suggested that the rate of this decrease is accelerating. RAR also finds this decline in the literature readership to be true for all racial, gender, and age groups, although it is slightly more pronounced in some than others – most notably men are reading less than women, reading with minorities is decreasing faster than with Caucasian, and the young faster than the middle aged. Really, though, their main worry comes from a link that has been drawn from the data collected in other studies. This conclusion is that readers of literature are more socially active, engaged, and assumedly productive. There are many conceivable reactions to the NEA’s report. To some people, reading can fairly accurately be described as their religion (Early Modern European Studies Major, 2004) and they may want to add additional information to the report. Many people want to point out the possible flaws and inaccuracies of the text and, of course, there are others who just always need to add their two cents into the pile. Whatever their reasons for their responses, the commentaries that have been written give a surprisingly diverse number of arguments for and against the validity of the report.

Being at Cadet College

Respected —– Worthy teachers and my dear friends AOA Today I have been given an opportunity to express my feelings being here in a cadet college. I would start with the few words by one of the cadet like us. He says: â€Å"At 90-years-old, you will still remember the experiences, the camaraderie, and the friendships that develop with perfect clarity. The knowledge gained about yourself, as well as about this career, is immeasurable. † I feel the same. Cadets is a program that has changed my life and opened up various doors for me.The way I react in situations has changed because of cadets. Cadets isn't just a program that keeps you busy a few nights during the week. It gives you opportunities to travel, meet new people, to become a better leader and most importantly a better version of yourself. My favorite part of Cadets is the people I've met along the way. Through national competitions, and other activities, I have met some of the most amazing people. These pe ople have made a huge impact on my life.Despite the fact that I may not see some of them anymore, the impression they left will always be there. I thank the cadet program for making all of that possible. The essentials of religion taught in the class room, religious education in the classroom supplemented by prayers in the College Mosque, observance of fast in the month of Ramadan and holding of functions on days of religious significance helps us to practice religion in the best way. Moreover, the Morning Assembly begins with the recitation of Verses from the Holy Quran followed by their explanation.To get up 4 in the morning, physical training, and taking classes from 8 to 1, preps, afternoon games, regular drill, mess nights †¦. (aur bhi agar kuch huwa). and finally lights out at 10. This seemed to be so tough in the beginning. I used to think that I won’t be able to survive and did not consider it important to get up early and go to bed on time. But now that I have s urvived, I admit that this is the best life a student or a person can lead. Within a month or two I realized a great change in my physical health. This tough, well disciplined life has helped me get sound mind and body.And I am looking forward and excited about the activities in future like horse riding and swimming. Every day is a new experience, new lesson, new adventure. I can never forget the lesson that Discipline, bravery, honesty and modesty are the four foundation pillars for all of us who will be passing out from this institute. I make sure to keep up these pillars not thorough the years in this college but throughout the life. I have so many people to thank for where I am today, because I believe every experience and every person influences who you become.But first of all, Allah Almighty and then I'd like to thank my parents who got me into Cadets. To this day, I don't think they know how much they have actually done for me. I'd like to thank all the hard working staff at our Cadet College for making sure that we all got the opportunities we deserved. Most of all I would like —— (any other person) And finally, I'd like to thank you all for having me here to speak with you today. You were a great audience and I wish you all the best. (Thank you or good afternoon. )

Quick Money

Over the weekend Lucy organized a sleep over for a friend who was interested in making some quick money. Rob tried to molest her. Lucy's friend resisted, and that is how the scuffle began. Karen; Lucy's friend had known what she had come but needed a little persuasion as she had never that kind of stuff and she desperately needed money to bail her boyfriend out of prison. Lucy nudged her and later went to call dad who was waiting impatiently in the sitting room downstairs. The action used to happen in Lucy room. Dad staggered into the room, grabbed Karen by the neck and pinned her down to the bed. He a little bit violent when drunk. Karen let out a sharp shrill and gathered enough adrenaline to push dad who had already tore her red velvet dress apart and was mounting her.She succeeded but lost her step and fell on her belly two steps from the leg of the bed. With hawk instincts Rob rose and grabbed her by the ankle. Rob pulled her back towards him and she reacted by kicking him thrice in his face, a matter that escalated the tension and made Rob become more rabid as he started nose bleeding. He was now on his feet and his sinister motive was written all over his face as his boner had receded. A panic struck Karen leaped out of the room and tried to shut the door behind her but Rob's hand was already on her left arm. Karen jerked from the tight grip and hit her back on the rails of the first floor, she lost balance and landed on the ground head first. By then Lucy was just stepping back into the house. I called for the ambulance immediately but the time it got to the house she had already passed out and was pronounced dead upon arrival in the hospital. ReferenceMelatonin signalin , Kj Schippers, SA Nichols 2014Guiding life dark secret, LM Friedman 2007

Unknown Essays

Unknown Essays Unknown Essay Unknown Essay Because the Vatican is within this city, it is most closely associated with fostering the artistic creativity of Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael. A) Vienna B) London C) Paris D) Rome Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): D 2. This artists School of Athens reveals his respect for pagan philosophers. A) Raphael B) Leonardo da Vinci C) Titian D) Giorgione Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): A 3. This artist created the magnificent frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. A) Cellini B) Michelangelo C) Bosch D) Fra Angelica Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): B 4. This city is most closely associated with Giorgione and the late Renaissance in Italy. A) Venice B) Pisa C) Naples D) Genoa Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): A 5. This artists last work, The Transfiguration (featuring a transfigured Christ, Old Testament figures, and Christs apostles), was left unfinished at his death. A) Michelangelo B) Titian C) Leonardo D) Raphael Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): D 6. Titians love of the nude female body is displayed in this work. A) Venus of Urbino B) Last Judgment C) La Primavera D) Assumption of the Virgin Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): A 7. This Italian city is most famous for its oil paintings (not frescoes). A) Naples B) Venice C) Genoa D) Pisa Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): B 8. This artist and creator of Assumption of the Virgin influenced the works of Rubens and Velazquez, and was a particular favorite of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, who granted him noble rank. A) Raphael B) Giorgione C) Tintoretto D) Titian Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): D 9. Pope Julius II commissioned this architect to rebuild St. Peters Basilica in the Vatican. A) Tintoretto B) Vasari C) Bramante D) Cellini Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): C 0. This artists Madonna of the Meadow includes Mary, Jesus, and John the Baptist. A) Raphael B) Titian C) Giorgione D) Leonardo da Vinci Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): A 11. This panel is one of the most famous on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. A) Madonna of the Meadow B) School of Athens C) Creation of Adam D) The Last Judgment Points Earned: 0. 0/ 4. 0 Correct Answer(s): C 12. This versatile Renaissance mans literary piece, The Courtier, contends that the true courtier should be a person of humanist learning, impeccable ethics, refined courtesy, physical and martial skills, and fascinating conversation. A) Cellini B) Vasari C) Palestrina D) Castiglione Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): D 13. This term identifies music sung without instrumental accompaniment. A) tocotta B) fresco C) a capella D) sprezzatura Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): C 14. This artist was summoned to Rome by Pope Julius II to create for him a monumental tomb. A) Titian B) Leonardo C) Raphael D) Michelangelo Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): D 15. In which of these paintings do Plato and Aristotle appear? A) Venus of Urbino B) The Last Judgment C) Deposition D) School of Athens Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): D 16. Which artist believed that a living figure was concealed in a block of marble and that only the excess needed to be carved away to reveal it? A) Michelangelo B) Raphael C) Titian D) Giorgione Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): A 17. In a manner similar to that used by Caravaggio, this artist incorporated chiaroscuro techniques in her paintings. A) Titian B) Tintoretto C) Anguissola D) Pontormo Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): C 18. This musician composed and directed music for the Sistine Choir. A) Josquin des Prez B) Adrian Willaert C) Andrea Gabrieli D) Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Points Earned: 4. /4. 0 Correct Answer(s): A 19. Which of these artists painted Madonna of the Long Neck? A) Giorgione B) Tintoretto C) Parmigianino D) Titian Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): C 20. Just prior to his death, Michelangelo witnessed the completion of the dome he had designed for the rebuilding of St. Peters Basilica in the Vatican. A) True B) False Points E arned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): False 21. Pope Julius II was Michelangelos patron when he painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. A) True B) False Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): True 22. Benvenuto Cellini is the author of The Courtier. A) True B) False Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): False 23. Although Leonardo da Vincis version is more recognizable, the artist known as Tintoretto also completed a painting entitled The Last Supper. A) True B) False Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): True 24. Chiaroscuro involves strong contrasts between darkness and light. A) True B) False Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): True 25. One of the greatest composers of the period, Josquin des Prez refused to accept an appointment by Pope Julius II to conduct the Sistine Choir. A) True B) False Points Earned: 4. 0/4. 0 Correct Answer(s): False

The Scientific Definition of Mass

The Scientific Definition of Mass Mass is a scientific term used to describe the density and type of atoms in any given object. The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg), though mass can also be measured in pounds (lb). To quickly understand the concept of mass, think of a pillowcase filled with feathers and a similar pillowcase filled with bricks. Which has a greater mass? Because the atoms in the bricks are heavier and denser, the bricks have a greater mass. Thus, even though the pillowcases are the same size, and both are filled to the same degree, one has much greater mass than the other. Scientific Definition of Mass Mass is the quantity of inertia (resistance to acceleration) possessed by an object or the proportion between force and acceleration referred to in Newtons Second Law of Motion (force equals mass times acceleration). In other words, the more mass an object has, the more force it takes to get it moving. Weight Versus Mass In most common instances, mass is determined by weighing the object and using the force of gravity to calculate the value automatically. In other words, in most real-world situations, mass is the same thing as weight. In the example of the feathers and the bricks, the difference in mass can be described by the relative weight of the two pillowcases. Obviously, it takes a lot more work to move a bag of bricks than it does to move a bag of feathers. But weight and mass are not really the same thing. Because of the relationship between weight and mass, these concepts are frequently confused. You can, in fact, convert exactly between weight and mass on the Earths surface. But thats because we live on planet Earth, and while we are on this planet gravity is always the same. If you were to leave the Earth and go into orbit, you would weigh almost nothing. Yet your mass, defined by the density and type of atoms in your body, would remain the same. If you landed on the moon with your scale and weighed yourself there, youd weigh more than you weighed in space but less than you weighed on Earth. If you continue your journey to the surface of Jupiter, youd weigh a great deal more. If you weigh 100 pounds on Earth you would weigh 16 pounds on the moon, 37.7 pounds on Mars, and 236.4 pounds on Jupiter. Yet, throughout your trip, your mass would remain essentially the same. Importance of Mass in Daily Life The mass of objects is tremendously important in our daily lives. We work hard to reduce our mass when we are dieting. Less mass translates to less weight.Many manufacturers work to create less massive versions of items ranging from bicycles and running shoes to cars.  When an object is less massive it has less inertia and is easier to move.Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on your weight in relation to your height. Fat is lighter (less massive) than muscle, so a high BMI suggests that your body contains more fat and less muscle than it should.